It's important to remember that the majority of verbs use haben to form the Present Perfect tense. Only a limited amount of verbs use sein , so your task is just to remember them. In this post, you will find a list of verbs that form the Present Perfect tense in German with the verb sein and an exercise to practice using them The dative/lative is also used to indicate possession, as in the example below, because there is no such verb as "to have".
In German there are four cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive.. Nouns (and related words) are declined - that means they change their form according to the case. The four cases indicate the role that the noun/noun phrase has in the sentence In general, the dative (German: Dativ) is used to mark the indirect object of a German sentence. For example: Finnish does not have a separate dative case. However, the allative case can fulfill essentially the same role as dative, beyond its primary meaning of directional movement (that is, going somewhere or approaching someone). For example: He lahjoittivat kaikki rahansa köyhille (They donated all their money to the poor.) Continuing with the discussion of the grammatical gender and grammatical case of the German pronoun system, part three of the four part series explores the German pronouns in the dative case. The dative forms of the German pronouns are mir, dir, Ihnen, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, Ihnen, and ihnen. Page one identifies the dative pronouns and provides examples to illustrate use
Learn German lessons online for beginners course - We help you learn german in a quick and easy way. Learn German Lesson 39 - You will learn how to build imperative (Imperativ) in the German. Learn the two charts on this page well, and everything else you do in German will become a lot easier for you!
As in the examples above, the dative/lative case usually occurs in combination with another suffix as poss-lative case; this should not be regarded as a separate case, however, as many of the locative cases in Tsez are constructed analytically; hence, they are, in fact, a combination of two case suffixes. See Tsez language#Locative case suffixes for further details. Since English articles do not change depending on their position in the sentence, the language relies on word order to clarify which term is the subject and which is the object.German pronouns also take on different forms in the various cases. Just as nominative "I" changes to the object "me" in English, the German nominative ich changes to accusative mich in German. In the following examples, the pronouns change according to their function in the sentence and are indicated in bold. The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence like: Der Mann And with the following verbs: sein, werden, bleiben, heißen. Example: Der Mann ist ein Freund. Herr Schmitt wird der Lehrer.. The noun does not usually change its form in the accusative, except for a small group of nouns that follow the n declension Sie is formal way to say you and is used for business partner, colleagues and other adults who are not close to the speaker. personal pronouns in dative and accusative Here you can use the same explanation like in nominative
The direct object (accusative) functions as the receiver of the action of a transitive verb. In the examples above, the man is acted upon by the dog, so he receives the action of the subject (the dog). To give a few more transitive verb examples, when you buy (kaufen) something or have (haben) something, the "something" is the direct object. The subject (the person buying or having) is acting on that object.The genitive case in German shows possession. In English, this is expressed by the possessive "of" or an apostrophe with an "s" ('s). In English people usually say 'She reads more books than me', even though prescriptive grammar books would say that 'She reads more books than I (read)' is the correct form. German, it seems, follows this than I (als ich) construction. _____ Maybe a German native speaker could tell us if 'Sie liest mehr Bücher als mir' is also used in German, or if it just sounds incorrect
The dative was common among early Indo-European languages and has survived to the present in the Balto-Slavic branch and the Germanic branch, among others. It also exists in similar forms in several non-Indo-European languages, such as the Uralic family of languages. In some languages, the dative case has assimilated the functions of other, now extinct cases. In Ancient Greek, the dative has the functions of the Proto-Indo-European locative and instrumental as well as those of the original dative. The adjective endings rule with the definite article (der, die, das) or the so-called der-words (dieser, jeder, etc.) is simple:The adjective endings in the nominative is always -e (except for the plural that is always -en in all situations!).The adjective endings in the accusative identical to those in the nominative case, except for the masculine gender (der/den) Continuing with the discussion of the grammatical gender and grammatical case of the German pronoun system, part two of this four part series explores the German pronouns in the accusative case. The accusative forms of the German pronouns are mich, dich, Sie, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, Sie, and sie. Also included in the article is a link to a printable reference sheet of the personal pronouns in.
Adjectives in the dative case receive pronominal endings (this might be the result of a more recent development): tas geras vaikas -> sg. tam geram vaikui, pl. tiems geriems vaikams. In English we would say to him or to the man, but in German you simply use the dative form of that noun or pronoun. stehen to suit. Der Hut steht der Königin gut. The hat suits the queen well. The problem with this verb isn't the fact that it uses the dative case, but that it is the same verb that means to stand Sie sitzt mir gegenüber. (She's sitting opposite to me.) → You can see here that the word mich (me) shifts to its dative form: mir. Nach dem Unterricht gehen wir in ein Café. (After class we're going to a café.) Seit seine r Scheidung lebt er allein. (He lives alone since his divorce
2/13/2015. German Cases, Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genitive. German Dative Now things will get serious because the dative case is very important in German, and it also changes in all the 3. German verbs change too. But luckily, they mostly follow a predictable pattern — so once you get the hang of the pattern, you can use a huge number of German verbs. To understand how they change, you first need to know the structure of a German verb. Every verb is made of a verb stem and a verb ending. Here are some examples
As with many other languages, the dative case is used in Hungarian to show the indirect object of a verb. For example, Dánielnek adtam ezt a könyvet (I gave this book to Dániel). It has two suffixes, -nak and -nek; the correct one is selected by vowel harmony. The personal dative pronouns follow the -nek version: nekem, neked, etc. This case is also used to express "for" in certain circumstances, such as "I bought a gift for Mother". In possessive constructions the nak/nek endings are also used but this is not the dative form (rather, the attributive or possessive case)[9] The dative case (abbreviated .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}dat, or sometimes d when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "Maria Jacobo potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink". In this example, the dative marks what would be considered the indirect object of a verb in English.
1 Using the passive. In a normal, or active sentence, the 'subject' of the verb is the person or thing that carries out the action described by the verb. The 'object' of the verb is the person or thing that the verb 'happens' to. Ryan (subject) hit (active verb) me (object).In English, as in German, you can turn an active sentence round to make a passive sentence English Translation of sie | The official Collins German-English Dictionary online. Over 100,000 English translations of German words and phrases
In addition the four prepositions [an]statt (in place of), trotz (in spite of), während (during), and wegen (because of) which require the genitive in modern formal language, are most commonly used with the dative in colloquial German. For example, "because of the weather" is expressed as wegen dem Wetter instead of the formally correct wegen des Wetters. Other prepositions requiring the genitive in formal language, are combined with von ("of") in colloquial style, e.g. außerhalb vom Garten instead of außerhalb des Gartens ("outside the garden"). The modern objective case pronoun whom is derived from the dative case in Old English, specifically the Old English dative pronoun "hwām" (as opposed to the modern subjective "who", which descends from Old English "hwā") – though "whom" also absorbed the functions of the Old English accusative pronoun "hwone". It is also cognate to the word "wem" (the dative form of "wer") in German. The OED defines all classical uses of the word "whom" in situations where the indirect object is not known[clarification needed] – in effect, indicating the anonymity of the indirect object. Prepositions with the dative: bei, mit. The prepositions bei and mit always take the dative. The dative can be in the form of a noun with an article or in the form of a personal pronoun after the preposition. bei: Nico ist beim Arzt. (beim = bei + dem) Nico möchte nicht mehr bei seinen Eltern wohnen. Yara sagt, dass Nico bei ihr wohnen kann. mit Depending on how a given word is used—whether it's the subject, a possessive, or an indirect or a direct object—the spelling and the pronunciation of that noun or pronoun changes, as does the preceding article. The four German cases are the nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. You can think of these as the equivalent of the subject, possessive, indirect object, and direct object in English.
Feminine and plural nouns do not add an ending in the genitive. The feminine genitive (der/einer) is identical to the feminine dative. The one-word genitive article usually translates as two words ("of the" or "of a/an") in English. Ihre Mutter kommt am Wochenende zu Besuch. Her / Their / Your mother comes to visit this weekend. > Notice that there’s no difference in „ihre“ whether you say „her“, „their“ or „your“. Personal pronouns and possessive pronouns have to be declined in German grammar. On this page, you will find an overview of the declension of pronouns in all four German cases. Click on one of the links below for an in-depth explanation with exercises for each of the four German cases. The nominative is the basic form of pronouns In business or professional environments, German-speakers tend to be more formal and reserved than people in some other countries. The formal Sie is used to address strangers, business associates, and acquaintances. Students or co-workers, most frequently address each other as du.But this may depend on the particular company culture, the degree of intimacy and how old people are
Instead, welcher (-e, -es) may be used, which is seen to be more formal, and only common in interdependent multi-relative clauses, or as a mnemonic to German pupils to learn to distinguish das from dass (it is the first of these if one can say dieses, jenes or welches instead). The relative pronoun is never omitted in German. On the other hand, in English, the phrase Personal pronouns and possessive pronouns have to be declined in German grammar. On this page, you will find an overview of the declension of pronouns in all four German cases. Click on one of the links below for an in-depth explanation with exercises for each of the four German cases. Ich gebe ihr einen Kuss. I give her a kiss > There is no noun after „ihr“
The wall of the building is old and brown. -Die Wand des Gebäudes ist alt und braun. --As in the first example, the genitive case here is in the neuter singular, and inflects the definite article and the noun (M,N add +s/+es in the genitive case). But looking at the English translation you will realize that there is a clear difference between those as a comparison of „her“ and „hers“ show. So far it even seems that it doesn’t matter at all whether we have an article in front of us or a pronoun. That calls for one more example:The nominative case—in both German and in English—is the subject of a sentence. The term nominative comes from Latin and means to name (think of "nominate"). Amusingly, der Werfall translates literally as "the who case." dem and einem (i.e., the -m ending) are unique to dative singular, and are thus useful anchors when reading a sentence. Dative plural always adds an - n to the plural form of the noun if one does not already exist, e.g., den Männern (dative n) but den Frauen; Many singular nouns appear sometimes with an optional -e ending i
Ich erinnere mich ihrer. (I remember her) Also possible: Ich erinnere mich an sie. Wir gedachten seiner. (We thought of him) Also possible: Wir dachten an ihn. Herr, erbarme dich unser! (Lord, have mercy upon us) Also possible: Herr, erbarme dich über uns. The possessive pronouns (mein-, dein-, unser-, etc.) are almost identical in form to the genitive pronouns but they directly modify their attribute and could be conceived of as adjectives, though they decline differently. Alternatively, one could think of possessive pronouns, for example, "mein-", as replacing the phrase, "of me". Directly translated, "mein-" means "my" in English. 1000 Most Common German Words. When starting to learn German, it is always a good idea to memorize the most common words first. You will quickly begin to understand many more situations when compared to learning your German vocabulary from random sources Note that German verbs have a special form with the pronoun ich. Otherwise the pronouns and verbs are grouped as they are in English: Er, es, sie occur with one verb form just as 'he, it and she' and wir, sie, Sie with another verb form just as 'we, they, you.' Notice that the vowel in the STEM of geben appears as i in the er-form: er gibt
You can tell that a noun is in the genitive case by the article, which changes to des/eines (for masculine and neuter) or der/einer (for feminine and plural). Since the genitive only has two forms (des or der), you only need to learn those two. However, in the masculine and neuter, there is also an additional noun ending, either -es or -s. In the examples below, the genitive word or expression is in bold. The personal pronoun (Personalpronomen) form sie can mean: a) she in the subject case (nominative case) or her in the direct object case (accusative case). - Sieᴺᴼᴹ lernt Deutsch. - She learns German. - Ich habe sieᴬᴷᴷ gesehen. - I've seen her. In the indirect object case (dative case) it would be ihr (her), for example: - Ich gab ihrᴰᴬᵀ das Buch
The dative case can also be used with gerundives to indicate an action preceding or simultaneous with the main action in a sentence: (lt) jam įėjus, visi atsistojo – when he walked in, everybody stood up, lit. to him having walked in, all stood up; (lt) jai miegant, visi dirbo – while she slept, everybody was working, lit. to her sleeping, all were working. The dative case is rare in modern English usage, but it can be argued that it survives in a few set expressions. One example is the word "methinks", with the meaning "it seems to me". It survives in this fixed form from Old English (having undergone, however, phonetic changes with the rest of the language), in which it was constructed as "[it]" + "me" (the dative case of the personal pronoun) + "thinks" (i.e., "seems", < Old English þyncan, "to seem", a verb closely related to the verb þencan, "to think", but distinct from it in Old English; later it merged with "think" and lost this meaning). Verbs of perception or emotion (like "see", "know", "love", "want") also require the logical subject to stand in the dative/lative case. Note that in this example the "pure" dative/lative without its POSS-suffix is used. The genitive case indicates possession or association, and is equivalent to, and replaces, the English word "of". "Des" and "der" (do not confuse with masculine singular nominative) mean "of the"; "eines" and "einer" mean "of a" / "of an"; and "der Sohn guten Weins" means "the son of good wine" (no article, M, Gen strong adjective). Strict replacement of the genitive case with the word "of" maintains the word-order of the German nominal phrase: possessed - possessor (in genitive). The genitive case also replaces "'s" in English, though reversing the word order (possessed then possessor, vs. English: possessor then possessed). German itself also uses an "s" (though without the apostrophe) to indicate possession, in the same word order as English. It is used mainly with proper nouns, such as "Goethes Heimat", as well as for compounding words. Cases In order to be able to write accurately in German, it's important to recognise and understand the four different cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. Part o
Harry - grammar. Harry and Grammar The Dative as a Form to Ascribe Opinion Predicate Nominatives Plural Forms of Nouns The Polite Form of Address 'Sie' If written with a small letter, ihnen means they, the plural 3rd person pronoun of all three genders, here in the Dativ case: [ Am Donnerstag ] gehe [ ich ]ᴺᴼᴹ [ mit {ihnen}ᴰᴬᵀ ] [ in {die Stadt}ᴬᴷᴷ ] . In the second sentence, it's the formal/polite address form of you and is written with a capital letter: Ihnen: Sagen [ Sie ]ᴺᴼᴹ , gefällt [ Ihnen ]ᴰᴬᵀ. 1 Often capitalized, especially in letters . In older language the genitive is also written ewer and the accusative and dative sometimes ewch.. Usage notes []. This form is the plural of du, which is used chiefly towards people with whom one is privately acquainted (see there).One uses ihr towards a group of people if one would address every individual in that group with du Eastern Armenian also uses the dative case to mark the time of an event, in the same way English uses the preposition at, as in Meet me at nine o' clock.
English Translation of Form | The official Collins German-English Dictionary online. Over 100,000 English translations of German words and phrases Many translated example sentences containing dative - German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations. Look up in Linguee Dictionary English-German. sodass sie im Herbst 2004 in [...] gesammelter Form als.
*Note: Sie (the formal you) is the same in the singular and plural. It is always capitalized in all of its forms. Wer (who) has no plural form in German or English. *The interrogative was (what) is the same in the nominative and accusative cases. It has no dative or genitive forms and is related to das and es Grimm Grammar is an online German grammar reference from the University of Texas at Austin. Page description: The dative case is used to describe the indirect object of a sentence. The indirect object is the recipient of the direct object. In addition to changes in the article, plural nouns also receive an -n suffix (except for nouns that already end in an -n) The first of these is an example of gender-based pronoun usage that may not be intuitive to an English speaker, because in English an inanimate object is almost always referenced by the pronoun "it." In German, nouns always have a relevant gender to consider. In the above examples, both birthday and dog are masculine, so "it" becomes "er" in the nominative case and "ihn" in accusative. completely omits the use of a relative pronoun. (The use of the relative pronouns "who" or "that" is optional in sentences like these.) To state such a thing in German, one would say You will have noticed that the article „ihren (Mann)“ as well as the pronoun „ihren“ do both have the same ending as they both refer to „Mann“. Grammatically speaking „Mann“ is masculine and stands in the accusative case.
The dative case is a vital element of communicating in German. In English, the dative case is known as the indirect object. Unlike the accusative, which only changes with the masculine gender, the dative changes in all genders and even in the plural. The pronouns also change correspondingly. Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders masc. neuter feminine plural German has dative, accusative, genitive and two-way prepositions and postpositions. Each preposition causes the adverbial expression on which it acts to take the case of the preposition. Two-way prepositions cause the adverbial expression to take the accusative case if the verb indicates an action or movement, and the dative case if the verb. The dative also is for objects, usually indirect objects, but sometimes objects that in English would be considered direct:
You can test for a transitive verb by saying it without an object. If it sounds odd and seems to need an object to sound correct, then it is probably a transitive verb, for example: Ich habe (I have) or Er kaufte (he bought). Both of these phrases answer the implied question "what?" What do you have? What did he buy? And whatever that is, is the direct object and should be in the accusative case in German.Now what’s with the endings? Articles as well as pronouns can have endings and those depend on the noun that they are accompanying or replacing. Two examples: German has all three genders of late Proto-Indo-European—the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter. Most German nouns are of one of these genders. Nouns denoting a person, such as die Frau (woman) or der Mann (man), generally agree with the natural gender of what is described. However, since the diminutive forms ending in -chen or -lein are grammatically neuter, there exist several. Sie is the formal part of you in German, and has it's own forms for subject, object and indirect object. that.. depending how it's used in a sentence. dieser = masculine single form of diese, this feminine dative form of diese, this, this feminine genitive form of diese, of this plural genitive form of diese, of these dein; deine; Ihr. The vernacular in English is, "Who'd you give the book to?" Note that the Germanic word for the dative case, der Wemfall, also reflects the der-to-dem change.
Dative is also the necessary case taken by certain prepositions when expressing certain ideas. For instance, when the preposition по is used to mean "along," its object is always in dative case, as in По бокам, meaning "along the sides." Sie, as you may know, is the singular and plural formal pronoun. So when speaking with someone you don't know, your boss, someone helping you in a store, anyone you should be extra polite too, you are supposed to use Sie instead of du Another interesting observation is that a pronoun always has an article ending while an article at times doesnt (ihr.x Mann). This is due to the fact that there are three cases in which there is no ending at the end of an article:
The nominative case can follow the verb "to be," as in the last example. The verb "is" acts like an equal sign (my mother = architect). But the nominative is most often the subject of a sentence. The gender of the relative pronoun is the same as the gender of its antecedent (the noun to which it is referring). The case of the relative pronoun (Nominative, Accusative, Dative or Genitive) depends on its grammatical function in the relative clause. It does not depend on the grammatical function of the antecedent in the main clause. To make this clear, here is an example of how an. Some verbs in English and German can be either transitive or intransitive, but the key is to remember that if you have a direct object, you'll have the accusative case in German. German infinitive clauses are subordinate sentences which are constructed with the infinitive form of a verb and the preposition zu. Well, especially German infinitive clauses with the expression um zu represent the purpose of an action. Furthermore, there are certain phrases and verbs that introduce this type of subordinate clause The genitive case is also used with some verb idioms and with the genitive prepositions. The genitive is used more frequently in written German than in spoken form: It's essentially the equivalent of English speakers using the word "whose" or "whom." In spoken, everyday German, von plus the dative often replaces the genitive. For example:
Dative or Accusative. Some verbs and prepositions can be used with either the dative or the accusative, depending on the circumstance. We use the dative when we're asking about a position (where?). deutsch.lingolia.co Note: When the definite articles are used as demonstrative pronouns, only the dative plural and genitive forms are different from the normal definite articles. Wählen Sie die richtige Form. BP 11 - Personalpronomen Dativ und Akkusativ. Wählen Sie die richtige Form The dative case tells whither, that is, the place to which. Thus it has roughly the meaning of the English prepositions "to" and "into", and also "in" when it can be replaced with "into":
Accusative or dative? When two-way prepositions form prepositional phrases that function as place modifiers, the choice of case depends on whether the meaning expressed denotes movement, (i.e. direction towards a point ) or not (i.e. a state).. If movement is expressed, the two-way preposition governs the accusative case; if state is expressed, the dative case is used Lithuanian nouns preserve Indo-European inflections in the dative case fairly well: (o-stems) vaikas -> sg. vaikui, pl. vaikams; (ā-stems) ranka -> sg. rankai, pl. rankoms; (i-stems) viltis -> sg. vilčiai, pl. viltims; (u-stems) sūnus -> sg. sūnui, pl. sūnums; (consonant stems) vanduo -> sg. vandeniui, pl. vandenims.
Basic accusative/dative question 'I buy the pen for you' To me the pen seems the indirect object, so I would use the dative here and say 'Ich kaufe für Sie einem Stift', yet Google translate says that it's the accusative, so 'den stift' Two seeming exceptions to this test, become and be, are actually not exceptions, since they are intransitive verbs that act like an equal sign and cannot take an object. A good additional clue in German: All verbs that take the helping verb sein (to be) are intransitive. Personal pronouns represent the speaker or the person or spoken to. They can also replace a person, a noun or a group of nouns. Depending on their role in the sentence their form reflect the appropriate grammatical case We use the dative after certain verbs and prepositions. To find the dative, we can ask “To whom/What is indirect action eing directed?” The dative object is also called the indirect object.Some masculine nouns (and one neuter noun, Herz [heart]), referred to as weak nouns or n-nouns, take an -n or -en in the dative singular and plural. Many are masculine nouns ending in -e in the nominative (such as Name [name], Beamte [officer], and Junge [boy]), although not all such nouns follow this rule. Many also, whether or not they fall into the former category, refer to people, animals, professions, or titles; exceptions to this include the aforementioned Herz and Name, as well as Buchstabe (letter), Friede (peace), Obelisk (obelisk), Planet (planet), and others.
Sie treten nicht nur mit einem Kasus auf, sondern mit zweien. Je nachdem, ob sie eine lokale oder direktionale Beziehung angeben, fordern sie Dativ oder Akkusativ. Während ein Apfel auf dem Tisch liegt, legt Anna den Apfel auf den Tisch. www.knoefler.d In German, you can make a polite request or command by placing the full verb at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the polite form of you (Sie). gehen Sie! (Go!) laufen (to run) laufen Sie! (Run!) If you want to politely ask someone not to do something, add the word nicht. gehen Sie! (Go!) gehen Sie nicht! (Don't go! The verb gehen means: 1.-to go on foot, to walk, to go gehen is a verb that is used very often in German. Ich gehe zur Bank I'm walking to the bank. Pronunciation: [ˈɡeːən] Structure for the intransitive case: gehen + nach + [dative] (to walk to a country, city without an article or home) Ich gehe nach Köln I'm going to Cologne. Most of the German personal pronouns have different forms in each of the four cases, but it can be helpful to observe that not all change. (This is similar to the English "you," which remains the same whether it's a subject or object, singular or plural).Note: The possessive is not a case of the personal pronoun; rather, it's a pronoun itself. This table shows the possessive pronoun's stem, which is declined as an ein- word (that is, like the indefinite article "ein"). The following charts show the four cases with the definite article (der, die, or das) and the indefinite article. Note that keine is the negative of eine, which has no plural form. But keine (no/none) can be used in the plural. For example: